Cultural Ecosystem Services of historic parks in context of their functionality and spatial organisation by the example of Lublin, Lviv, and London

Piotr Kulesza; Magdalena Lubiarz; Piotr Kociuba; Lidiya Dubis; Marek Solski

doi:10.3097/LO.2025.1134

Authors

Piotr Kulesza The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Lublin, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-932X
Magdalena Lubiarz The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Lublin, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-019X
Piotr Kociuba The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Lublin, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-0180
Lidiya Dubis The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Lublin, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-3920
Marek Solski The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Lublin, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-0596

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.2025.1134

Keywords:

urban park, non-material benefits from park ecosystems, functions and usability of parks, park area development, green areas in city

Abstract

All urban green areas can provide cultural ecosystem services (CES). The spatial structure and equipment of historic urban parks reflect changes since their establishment. These areas are often protected by local laws, limiting modernization. An interesting question is whether the historic value of a park affects the number of CES provided, and if it is possible to preserve this historic value while meeting modern user needs. The goal of this article is to determine the spatial structure of three historical urban parks in Poland, Great Britain, and Ukraine. This work compares the types of CES provided by the studied parks and examines their spatial distribution. All analysed parks provide CES, but the parks in Lublin and Lviv offer fewer CES than Lloyd Park in London, which effectively combines historical value with the growing needs of a modern 21st-century city.

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